Objective: This study was conducted to determine whether environmentally relevant concentrations of microplastics effects tissue structure and larval development in the Eastern mud snail (Tritia obsoleta). Microplastics are small plastic fragments that are found in our oceans and water systems. Microplastics may...

The wastewater treatment process requires aeration in order to properly provide the microorganisms oxygen necessary to break down organic material in the water. If the level of aeration is too low, the microorganisms will not function at their full capacity, and if...

Background As the global population increases, demand is also increasing for food production methods that involve efficient use of resources and do not require large expanses of arable land. Aquaponics is a method that incorporates growing crops under soilless conditions (hydroponics) in...

Background Successful crop farming is often dependent on the quality of irrigation water that is readily available. Salinity, toxic ions, heavy metals and other parameters can affect the crops and soil health. Microbiological pathogens in the water can also present issues by...