Background As the global population increases, demand is also increasing for food production methods that involve efficient use of resources and do not require large expanses of arable land. Aquaponics is a method that incorporates growing crops under soilless conditions (hydroponics) in...

Background Successful crop farming is often dependent on the quality of irrigation water that is readily available. Salinity, toxic ions, heavy metals and other parameters can affect the crops and soil health. Microbiological pathogens in the water can also present issues by...